e-SUS Atenção Primária: atributos determinantes para adoção e uso de uma inovação tecnológica / Primary Healthcare e-SUS: determinant attributes for the adoption and use of a technological innovation / e-SUS Atención Primaria: atributos determinantes para la adopción y uso de una innovación tecnológica

Resumo: O estudo objetivou analisar a adoção e o uso do e-SUS Atenção Primária (e-SUS APS) como inovação tecnológica na perspectiva dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Trata-se de um estudo de método misto explanatório sequencial (QUAN → qual) realizado em municípios do interior de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando a Teoria da Difusão de Inovação. O estudo quantitativo foi do tipo transversal analítico, aplicando-se um questionário validado a 114 profissionais da APS. Para testar o modelo do estudo, aplicou-se a modelagem de equações estruturais de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) por meio do software SmartPLS 2.3.0. O estudo qualitativo teve caráter descritivo-exploratório, por meio de entrevistas (n = 10) analisadas por análise temática de conteúdo, visando entender os atributos que não influenciaram a adoção e o uso do e-SUS APS. Os atributos "experimentação", "facilidade de uso", "vantagem relativa" e "compatibilidade" não apresentaram significância estatística, indicando não serem atributos determinantes para adoção e uso do e-SUS APS. Na integração dos dados, evidenciaram-se: falhas de conectividade; ausência de tempo para alimentação do sistema em tempo real e de capacitação; não experimentação prévia; apresentação abrupta do sistema e ausência de habilidade com a tecnologia. Os resultados podem auxiliar os demais municípios do Brasil na implantação e/ou efetivação do e-SUS APS, no que tange à importância da infraestrutura organizacional, bem como na capacitação para utilização e manuseio da tecnologia. Este estudo contribui para reflexões e propostas de intervenções aos problemas enfrentados no cotidiano do trabalho quanto à adoção e ao uso de uma inovação tecnológica, como o e-SUS APS.

Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the adoption and use of the Primary Healthcare e-SUS (PHC e-SUS) as a technological innovation from the perspective of workers in primary healthcare (PHC). This was a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study (QUAN → qual) in municipalities in the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil, drawing on Diffusion of Innovation Theory. The quantitative component was analytical cross-sectional, applying a validated questionnaire to 114 PHC workers. The model was tested by applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 2.3.0. The qualitative study was descriptive-exploratory, using interviews (n = 10) with thematic content analysis, aimed at understanding the attributes that did not influence the adoption and use of PHC e-SUS. The attributes "experimentation", "ease of use", "relative advantage", and "compatibility" did not display statistical significance, indicating that they were not determinant attributes for the adoption and use of PHC e-SUS. Integration of the data evidenced failures in connectivity; lack of time to feed the system in real time and training; lack of prior experimentation; abrupt presentation of the system; and lack of skill with the technology. The results can assist other municipalities in Brazil with the implementation of the PHC e-SUS in relation to the importance of the organizational infrastructure, as well as training in the technology's use and handling. The study contributes to reflections and proposals for interventions in the problems faced in daily work with the adoption and use of a technological innovation such as the PHC e-SUS.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la adopción y uso del e-SUS Atención Primaria (e-SUS APS), como innovación tecnológica, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la atención primaria en salud (APS). Se trata de un estudio de método mixto secuencial explicativo (CUAN → Cual) realizado en municipios del interior de São Paulo, utilizando la Teoría de la Difusión de Innovación. El estudio cuantitativo fue de tipo transversal analítico, aplicándose un cuestionario validado a 114 profesionales de la APS. Para probar el modelo del estudio se aplicó el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM), a través del software SmartPLS 2.3.0. El estudio cualitativo tuvo carácter descriptivo-exploratorio, mediante entrevistas (n = 10), analizadas por análisis de contenido temático, con el objetivo de entender los atributos que no influenciaron en la adopción y uso de la e-SUS APS. Los atributos "probar", "facilidad de uso", "ventaja relativa" y "compatibilidad" no presentaron significación estadística, indicando no ser atributos determinantes para la adopción y uso de la e-SUS APS. En la integración de los datos se evidenciaron: fallos de conectividad; ausencia de tiempo para alimentación del sistema en tiempo real y de capacitación; no pruebas previas; presentación abrupta del sistema y ausencia de habilidad con la tecnología. Los resultados pueden ayudar a los demás municipios de Brasil en la implantación y/o efectuación de la e-SUS APS, en lo que atañe a la importancia de la infraestructura organizativa, así como la capacitación para la utilización y manejo de la tecnología. Este estudio contribuye a las reflexiones y propuestas de intervenciones, respecto a los problemas enfrentados en el día a día del trabajo, en cuanto a la adopción y uso de una innovación tecnológica, como la e-SUS APS.

Resource optimization through process re-engineering of inhalational therapy unit at a tertiary care public hospital

Background: Salaries, supplies and machinery account for bulk of public funding necessitating efficient utilisation. Studies suggest that process re-engineering helps improve cost, quality, service, and speed. Disbanded once and re-commissioned, a centralized Inhalational Therapy Unit (ITU) banked and provided portable mechanical ventilators to the inpatient wards. A demand for new ventilators from ITU led to the present study involving its critical review and cost analysis.Methods: An interventional study was conducted at a large tertiary care public hospital in India from April 2015 to June 2015. Critical review of process of providing portable ventilators and cost analysis were conducted. Review of records of and interview with ITU personnel and nursing staff were carried out. Fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of the process was done with attention to human resource, costs, space and actual medical equipment utilization. Two fundamental questions of process re-engineering were deliberated upon: “Why do we do what we do?” “And why do we do it the way we do?” Fundamental rethinking for new process was organized around the outcome.Results: Average utilization coefficient was 6.2% (3.3% to 12.1%). Ventilators utilized per day were 1.43. Expenditure on salaries was INR 315000 per month and INR 10500 per day. Low utilization offered low value for expenses incurred. All activities in ITU focused on “provision of ventilators” (outcome) and the old rule was, “If one needed a ventilator one must contact ITU”. Since nurses were using the “outcome” and performed activities of arranging, they were handed-over the ventilators (based on utilisation patterns). ITU was disbanded, human resource and space were re-allocated to various hospital areas (costs tied were done away with) with no adverse effect on hospital functioning.Conclusions: Process re-engineering led to improved healthcare delivery, curtailed delays in hospital processes, optimised costs involved in human resources and medical equipment.